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  Business     About Structure of Domain Name     Terms and Abbreviations     IIS    

ICANN Glossary    

Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations


Advisory Committee

An Advisory Committee is a formal advisory body made up of representatives from the Internet community to advise ICANN on a particular issue or policy area. Several are mandated by the ICANN Bylaws and others may be created as needed. Advisory committees have no legal authority to act for ICANN, but report their findings and make recommendations to the ICANN Board.

Advisory Committee on Independent Review (IRAC)

Advisory Committee on Independent Review

The IRAC is charged with the recommending a structure for independent third-party review of the decisions of the ICANN Board of Directors.

<http://www.icann.org/irac.html>

Advisory Committee on Membership (MAC)

Advisory Committee on Membership

The MAC is charged with recommending to the ICANN Board of Directors a global membership structure that will elect nine of the Board's 19 members.

<http://www.icann.org/berlin/membership_rec.htm>

APNIC

The Asia Pacific Network Information Centre

APNIC is a non-profit membership organization responsible for the administration and registration of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses in the Asia-Pacific region, including Japan, Korea, China, and Australia.

<http://www.apnic.net>

ARIN

American Registry for Internet Numbers

ARIN is a non-profit membership organization established for the purpose of the administration and registration of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses in the geographical areas previously managed by Network Solutions, Inc. Those areas include North America, South America, the Caribbean and sub-Saharan Africa.

<http://www.arin.net>

ASO

Address Supporting Organization

Once formed, the ASO will be an advisory body that will advise the ICANN Board of Directors on policy issues relating to the allocation and management of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. Each of ICANN's three supporting organizations, including the ASO, will name three Directors to the ICANN Board.

DNS

Domain Name System

The DNS is the hierarchical system by which easy-to-remember, human-friendly names like "icann.org" are associated with Internet locations.

DNSO

Domain Name Supporting Organization

The DNSO is an advisory body that advises the ICANN Board of Directors on policy issues relating to the Domain Name System. The DNSO consists of a General Assembly, a Names Council, and seven Constituency Groups. Each of ICANN's three supporting organizations, including the DNSO, will name three Directors to the ICANN Board.

<http://www.dnso.org>

GAC

Governmental Advisory Committee

The GAC is an advisory committee comprising appointed representatives of national governments, multi-national governmental organizations and treaty organizations, and distinct economies. Its function is to advise the ICANN Board on matters of concern to governments. The GAC will operate as a forum for the discussion of government interests and concerns, including consumer interests. As an advisory committee, the GAC has no legal authority to act for ICANN, but will report its findings and recommendations to the ICANN Board. The Chairman of the GAC is Dr. Paul Twomey of Australia.

<http://www.icann.org/governmental-com.html>

IANA

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

The IANA is the authority originally responsible for the oversight of IP address allocation, the coordination of the assignment of protocol parameters provided for in Internet technical standards, and the management of the DNS, including the delegation of top-level domains and oversight of the root name server system. Under ICANN, the IANA continues to distribute addresses to the Regional Internet Registries, coordinate with the IETF and others to assign protocol parameters, and oversee the operation of the DNS.

<http://www.iana.org>

ICANN

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

ICANN is a global non-profit corporation formed to oversee a select range of Internet technical management functions currently managed by the U.S. Government, or by its contractors and volunteers. Between now and September 2000. ICANN is gradually taking over responsibility for coordinating the assignment of protocol parameters, the management of the domain name and root server systems, and the allocation of IP address space.

<http://www.icann.org>

IETF

Internet Engineering Task Force

The IETF is a large open international community of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the evolution of the Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet. It is open to any interested individual.

<http://www.ietf.org>

IP

Internet Protocol

The communications protocol underlying the Internet, IP allows large, geographically-diverse networks of computers to communicate with each other quickly and economically over a variety of physical links. An Internet Protocol Address is the numerical address by which a location in the Internet is identified. Computers on the Internet use IP addresses to route traffic and establish connections among themselves; people generally use the human-friendly names made possible by the Domain Name System.

ISOC

The Internet Society

The Internet Society is the international organization for global cooperation and coordination for the Internet and its internetworking technologies and applications. ISOC membership is open to any interested person.

<http://www.isoc.org>

ISP

Internet Service Provider

An ISP is a company which provides access to the Internet to organizations and/or individuals. Access services provided by ISPs may include webhosting, email, VoIP (voice over IP), and support for many other applications.

NSI

Network Solutions, Inc

NSI is the company currently acting as the registry for the top level domains 'org', 'net' and 'com', pursuant to a cooperative agreement with the United States Government that will expire in September 2000. In addition, NSI is one of several companies competing to offer registrar services in those top level domains.

<http://www.networksolutions.com>

PSO

Protocol Supporting Organization

The PSO is an advisory body that will advise the ICANN Board of Directors on policy issues relating to protocol parameter numbers, which let computers exchange information and manage communications over the Internet. Each of ICANN's three supporting organizations, including the PSO, will name three Directors to the ICANN Board.

<http://www.icann.org/pso/pso1.html>

RIPE and RIPE NCC

Réseaux IP Européens

RIPE is an open and voluntary organization which consists of European Internet service providers. The RIPE NCC acts as the Regional Internet Registry (RIR) for Europe and surrounding areas, performs coordination activities for the organizations participating in RIPE, and allocates blocks of IP address space to its Local Internet Registries (LIRs), which then assign the addresses to end-users.

<http://www.ripe.net>

RIR

Regional Internet Registry

There are currently three RIRs: APNIC, ARIN, and RIPE NCC. These non-profit organizations are responsible for distributing IP addresses on a regional level to internet service providers and local registries.

SO

Supporting Organizations

The SOs are the three specialized advisory bodies that will advise the ICANN Board of Directors on issues relating to domain names (DNSO), IP addresses (ASO), and protocol standards (PSO). Each SO will name three individuals to the ICANN Board of Directors.

TLD

Top-level Domain

TLDs are the names at the top of the DNS naming hierarchy. They appear in domain names as the string of letters following the last (rightmost) ".", such as "net" in "www.example.net". The administrator for a TLD controls what second-level names are recognized in that TLD. The administrators of the "root domain" or "root zone" control what TLDs are recognized by the DNS. Commonly used TLDs include .com, .net, .edu, .jp, .de, etc.

URL

Uniform Resource Locator

A URL is the distinct address that identifies each resource on the Internet. More formally, a URL is the networked extension of the standard filename concept that can exist on any machine on the network and served via any of several different methods. An example of a URL is <http://www.hotwired.com/webmonkey/guides/glossary/url.html>

W3C

World Wide Web Consortium

The W3C is an international industry consortium founded in October 1994 to develop common protocols that promote the evolution of the World Wide Web and ensure its interoperability. Services provided by the Consortium include: a repository of information about the World Wide Web for developers and users; reference code implementations to embody and promote standards; and various prototype and sample applications to demonstrate use of new technology.

<http://www.w3.org>

WIPO

World Intellectual Property Organization

WIPO is an intergovernmental organization based in Geneva, Switzerland responsible for the promotion of the protection of intellectual rights throughout the world. It is one of the 16 specialized agencies of the United Nations system of organizations.

<http://www.wipo.org>


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